Showing posts with label 文法大哉問. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 文法大哉問. Show all posts

March 19, 2010

LUCIFER, HOW FALLEST THEE FROM THE HEAVEN




問:

"Lucifer, how fallest thee from the heaven." 詩句出於何處?
求全詩及中文翻譯。



坦白說,這不是一句詩,更不是什麼古詩。

稍加咕狗一下,就會發現只有在中文網站看到這句被引用。我猜可能是某個中文作者自創這樣一個句子。把幾個詞彙改成古字,倒裝一下,穿插在中文裡,掉掉書袋,呼攏一番,看來好像是引經據典。

Lucifer, how fallest thee from the heaven.

粗略地改為現代英文為:

Lucifer, how you fall from the heaven.

= 路西法,你怎從天而墜。



事實上這句英文犯了一個錯誤:

thee 雖然等於 you,但卻是 you 的受格。

在本句中,就算要用古字取代“you”,也該是用主格“thou” :

“Lucifer, how fallest thou from the heaven.”


本句原作的根據應是聖經以撒書14章12節:

Isaiah 14:12

How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!

朝霞的兒子──晨星! 你怎會從天墜下﹖傾覆萬邦者! 你怎麼也被砍倒在地﹖


在此奉勸後人,如果想掉書袋,還是以引用聖經原文“How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!” 為宜。

至不濟,也不要再以訛傳訛,起碼要將本句修正為:
“Lucifer, how fallest thou from the heaven.”


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March 18, 2010

KEEP SILENCE 還是 KEEP SILENT?




其一:

KEEP SILENCE (動詞+名詞)保持沉默

聖經詩篇中有:"Let all mortal flesh keep silence."

傳道書 Ecclesiastes 3:7 "A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak."

以上的引述不代表 keep silence 是過時的用法。在使用上,keep silence 約是 break silence (打破沉默)的 反義詞,類似的句型還有 keep vigilance(保持警戒)、keep confidence(保持信心)...等。

在 keep silence 片語中插入所有格會使意思更清楚,如:

He chose to keep his silence on this matter.

他選擇對此事件保持沉默。


其二:

KEEP SILENT (動詞+形容詞補語)保持安靜、保持沉默

連綴動詞 (如:appear, seem, become, grow, turn, prove, remain),為反映動詞所呈現的狀態,後面接形容詞補語。此類句型,大家應該不陌生了.

與 keep silent 類似的句型還有:keep fit (保持健康/健美)、keep alert(保持警戒)...等。

雖然在文法上 keep silent 完全可以成立,也有人使用。但在現實生活口語上,似乎常為 "keep quiet"、“remain silent" 所取代。

“Wise men, when in doubt whether to speak or to keep quiet, give themselves the benefit of the doubt, and remain silent.” ~Napoleon Hill (American author, 1883-1970)

愛看美國警匪劇的觀衆,想必對美國警察逮捕犯人之前必宣讀的米蘭達權利 "Miranda Right" 耳熟能詳:

"You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you..."








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